In this chapter, we focus on the German integration course for migrants, the number of which increased rapidly beginning in 2015. The courses are mandated by the German Immigration Act and represent a relatively well-financed and professional course programme within the national adult education system. The main challenges between 2015 and 2018 were the provision of a sufficient number of adequate integration courses, the successful transfer of knowledge in the teaching-learning process, and the qualification of teachers. Additionally, pass rates of integration courses, including the final examinations, declined compared with previous years. We assess how well the German integration course system met the demand in those years, and also, how successfully the adult literacy course as part of the German integration course system met its goals and facilitated success for its students. As a first step, we present data over time compiled from the official statistics for nationwide integration courses by the Federal Office for Migration and Refugees (BAMF ) to show developments and shifts within the course system. We then analyse the test results of participants in literacy courses from 2015 to 2018. Finally, we subject the German integration course system to a critical discussion.