Vanadium (20th in natural abundance) is omnipresent in the environment both naturally and in problematic or toxic concentrations, as pollutant. Ingested, e.g. with drinking water and food, or by inhalation in the form of oxides attached to dust particle, vanadium can cause health hazards. Since vanadate is a phosphate antagonist, vanadiumin appropriate low concentrationsis also expected to exert a variety of physiological actions, some of which have been documented in pre-medicinal orin the case of diabetes type 2in phase IIa clinical tests. Other potential implementations, elucidated and scrutinized in this report, include myocardial infarctions, viral, bacterial and parasitic infections (the latter essentially in tropical countries), and cancer.