Project: PalMod2 - From the last interglacial to the anthropocene - modeling a complete glacial cycle. The PalMod project (https://www.palmod.de/) aims for a better understanding of how slow feedbacks in the Earth system operate. Using the new insights into Earth system dynamics, PalMod will also make projections of the future climate over the next few millennia. The project PalMod is in the second phase. Summary: This data set is an ensemble reconstruction of volcanic stratospheric sulfur injection (VSSI) and stratospheric aerosol optical depth (SAOD) over the last 130,000 years that is based primarily on terrestrial and marine tephra records. VSSI values are computed as a simple function of eruption magnitude, based on VSSI estimates from ice cores and satellite observations for identified eruptions. To correct for the incompleteness of the tephra record, we include stochastically generated synthetic eruptions, assuming a constant background eruption frequency from the ice core Holocene record. SAOD is provided using the VSSI as input to the EVA stratospheric aerosol forcing generator.
