In chapter 2 Antje Wiener addresses the overall theme of value change from an IR perspective by detailing a bi-focal approach to norms. She reflects on the complex interrelation between fact-based and value-based conceptions of norms and sketches a conceptual framework for practice-based norm(ative) change. In addition, she offers typologies, models, and tools to locate and evaluate contestations and to analyse norm change. Typologies include a distinction between practices of reactive contestation (ie objecting to a norm at face value) and proactive contestation (ie critically engaging with a norm’s values through iterative interaction), respectively. Illustrative case scenarios also indicate how to apply these tools.