This article comments on Jonathan Wolff’s contribution ‘Paying People to Act in Their Own Interests: Incentives versus Rationalisation in Public Health’ from an economics perspective. The role of incentives in public health is discussed from both a neoclassical and behavioural economics viewpoint. Jonathan Wolff contributes to this discussion by outlining a new mechanism. He demonstrates that incentives may matter in a different way than has been considered so far. In particular, Wolff shows that we should not view individuals in isolation when we consider the effects of incentives.