Forecasting Clinical Dose–Response From Preclinical Studies in Tuberculosis Research:Translational Predictions With Rifampicin

A crucial step for accelerating tuberculosis drug development is bridging the gap between preclinical and clinical trials. In this study, we developed a preclinical model-informed translational approach to predict drug effects across preclinical systems and early clinical trials using the in vitro-based Multistate Tuberculosis Pharmacometric (MTP) model using rifampicin as an example. The MTP model predicted rifampicin biomarker response observed in 1) a hollow-fiber infection model, 2) a murine study to determine pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic indices, and 3) several clinical phase IIa early bactericidal activity (EBA) studies. In addition, we predicted rifampicin biomarker response at high doses of up to 50 mg/kg, leading to an increased median EBA_{0-2 days} (90% prediction interval) of 0.513 log CFU/mL/day (0.310; 0.701) compared to the standard dose of 10 mg/kg of 0.181 log/CFU/mL/day (0.076; 0.483). These results suggest that the translational approach could assist in the selection of drugs and doses in early-phase clinical tuberculosis trials.