•? To test the effect of histological subtype (NBSCC vs UC) on cancer-specific mortality (CSM), after adjusting for other-cause mortality (OCM). •? In Western countries, non-bilharzial squamous cell carcinoma (NBSCC) is the second most common histological subtype in bladder cancer (BCa) after urothelial carcinoma (UC).
•? To test the effect of histological subtype (NBSCC vs UC) on cancer-specific mortality (CSM), after adjusting for other-cause mortality (OCM). •? In Western countries, non-bilharzial squamous cell carcinoma (NBSCC) is the second most common histological subtype in bladder cancer (BCa) after urothelial carcinoma (UC).