urkana in northern Kenya is highly vulnerable to climatic changes. More frequent and prolonged droughts in combination with socio-economic developments and the availability of small arms have increasingly overwhelmed existing adaptive capacities. Under these conditions inter-pastoral conflicts, which are closely related to violent livestock raiding, tend to increase. This Chapter analyses possible linkages between climate change and livestock raiding in Turkana, with a view to discuss options for adaptation and to provide policy recommendations to mitigate conflicts. To achieve these aims, climate data in conjunction with conflict records is analysed, supplemented by extensive qualitative field research conducted in 2011 and by climate projections. Based on the findings, the ‘Resource Abundance and Scarcity Threshold’(RAST) hypothesis is developed, which could explain contradictory findings between the occurrence of raiding during periods of resource scarcity and during periods of resource abundance. Several options for adaptation to changing climatic conditions exist. Ensuring free and safe pastoral mobility especially across international borders is particularly important. To address the conflicts directly, inter-communal conflict prevention and resolution mechanisms need to be strengthened. Failure to mitigate the conflicts increases the vulnerability of the pastoral communities to a warmer and less predictable climate which could lead to more raiding.