Fieldwork is part of the distinctive core of geography; it is a well-documented practice that allows students to observe, question, plan, and collect data and information about the type and impact of interactions between human activities and the surrounding environment at scale. Fieldwork is also known as primary research. Its effectiveness relies upon teachers facilitating or providing students with an opportunity to apply and understand key concepts or theories from textbooks and classroom learning in a real-world context. In this chapter, we first explore the characteristics of fieldwork and its central importance for geographical education. We then address the cognitive and affective benefits of fieldwork for students, followed by a discussion about teacher-centered and student-centered approaches to fieldwork while emphasizing the need for student autonomy. Fieldwork methodologies are debated in the context of planning, collecting, analyzing, and communicating relevant data within the realm of traditional or virtual fieldwork approaches. The importance of inquiry-based, problem-based, and experiential learning in fieldwork is also discussed. Finally, we bring the chapter to a close with a discussion about how to most effectively assess fieldwork and consider implications for its planning, management, and organization.