Extrinsic skin ageing symptoms in seafarers subject to high work-related exposure to UV radiation

OBJECTIVES: As outdoor workers, seafarers have high levels of work-related exposure to UV radiation. Considering the various ethnic shipboard crews, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of UV induced skin ageing symptoms among seafarers and their attitude towards sunlight exposure.

METHODS: One dermatologist examined 514 seafarers and documented the presence of 11 extrinsic skin ageing symptoms. Based on a questionnaire, the seafarers' attitudes and sun protection were evaluated.

RESULTS: On average, 4 extrinsic skin ageing symptoms were found among the seafarers without significant differences between ethnic groups. Teleangiectasis (n = 381), coarse wrinkles (n = 315) and lentigines solares (n = 228) were the most frequently observed extrinsic symptoms. In the multivariate analysis, the parameters current smoking (OR 1.52 (1.01-2.27)), shipboard rank (deck personnel, galley staff vs. engine room personnel; (OR 1.40 (1.01-1.94)), and age (OR 1.07 (1.05-1.10)) were significantly associated with developing skin ageing symptoms. Only half of the seafarers examined were aware of their elevated risk of photodamage due to their high UV exposure at sea. More non-Caucasian than Caucasian seafarers perceived tanned skin as rather positive (78.0% vs. 52.4%; p = 0.002); however, more Caucasian than non-Caucasian seafarers enjoyed intensive sunbathing (17.0% vs. 14.0%). Furthermore, 55.7% of the seafarers (significantly more often Caucasians) used sunscreens during sunlight exposure at sea.

CONCLUSIONS: The various ethnic groups examined differed in their attitude and behaviour towards shipboard sun exposure. Education of shipboard crews is required about possible severe health effects due to sun exposure at sea.