The temperature-dependent surface electronic structure of Cr(001) is investigated by means of scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) in the temperature range between 22 and 350 K. Consistent with earlier observations, a sharp peak is found in the tunneling spectra close to the Fermi level E-F. While the binding energy remains unchanged, the peak broadens with increasing temperature. The experimental data are fitted within the framework of two physical models, i.e., in terms of a single-particle band theory and an orbital Kondo effect. Both models lead to a reasonable agreement between the fit and the experimental data. Using the Kondo model, a Kondo temperature T-K of 123 K is obtained. If interpreted in terms of a single-particle band theory, the fit results in an electron-phonon mass-enhancement factor lambda, which is 5-10 times larger than the Cr bulk value.