Results in a large number of studies conducted in Transactive Memory System (TMS) research indicate a relation between the variables used to measure TMSs and team effectiveness (albeit with mixed results). However, one of the challenging issues in current TMS research is the measurement and operationalization of these variables and the interpretation of the applied measurement methods. The problems of these measurement methods lie a) within the degree to which laboratory results can be generalized to organizational settings, b) within interpreting indirect measurement methods as direct reflection of TMS structures, and c) within developing direct measurement methods which capture both emergent states and communicative processes of teamwork. While there has been a fruitful discussion about the issues of measuring team knowledge structures in other fields of research, a thorough discussion is missing in the field of transactive memory systems. This study aims to close that gap by reviewing TMS studies with the distinct focus on identifying and discussing different measurement methods of TMS. The results of this review indicate that a combination of the presented methods should be used to capture the construct of TMS. By considering some of the indirect TMS measurement methods as aggregated individual perceptions of relevant structure and process dimensions and not as a direct reflection of these emergent states and processes, this study provides a deeper understanding of differences in the results of existing empirical TMS studies.