Background: Research on emotion regulation and paranoid ideation has mostly focused on isolated regulation strategies and has remained largely inconclusive. According to the emotion regulation model by Berking and Whitley (in: Afect Regulation Training, Springer, New York 2014) successful modifcation or acceptance/tolerance of emotions requires an adequate comprehension (awareness, clarity, understanding) of emotions and adequate self-support. Method: Building on this model, we investigated whether comprehension and self-support strengthen the negative association between modifcation and acceptance/tolerance and paranoid ideation. In study 1, we examined the hypotheses crosssectionally based on questionnaire data from a combined sample (N=125) consisting of people with a psychotic disorder, people at risk of developing psychosis, and healthy controls. In study 2, we examined the same hypotheses longitudinally by employing the experience sampling method in people with clinically relevant psychopathology below diagnostic threshold (N=138). Results: In study 1, the association between modifcation and paranoid ideation was not moderated by comprehension or self-support. However, comprehension and self-support moderated the association between acceptance/tolerance and paranoid ideation. In study 2, the interaction efect between comprehension and acceptance/tolerance on paranoid ideation was confrmed. Conclusion: The results indicate that comprehending and accepting/tolerating emotions could be protective against paranoid ideation.