Real-time monitoring and optimal resource allocation for automated container terminals:a digital twin application at the Yangshan Port

Digital twins can facilitate high-fidelity representations of container terminals by applying various technologies and methods to better measure, understand, and improve operations. In this paper, a decision support system (DSS) based on digital twin and big data technologies is designed to demonstrate how real-time monitoring and an integrated decision support can be established. The DSS provides optimal operation plans and the benchmark for vessel delay early warnings through different resource allocation simulations at the planning level. It further enables real-time operational decision making through real-time monitoring and efficiency analyses using big data engines at the operational level. A case study is conducted for the ultralarge Yangshan Deepwater Automated Container Terminal Phase IV (ACT4) in Shanghai (China) and experimental results have revealed that the proposed digital twin-based DSS can help ACT4 operators to evaluate vessel service using optimized resource allocation plans and operations.