Association Between Alcohol Intake and Prostate Specific Antigen Screening: Results From a National Behavioral Survey

OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between self-reported alcohol use and prostate cancer (PCa) screening using the U.S.-based Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis of men aged between 55 and 69 who responded to the PSA screening and alcohol consumption portions of the 2018 BRFSS survey was performed. Alcohol consumption was assessed according with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention definition of binge and heavy drinking. Rates of PSA screening between binge and non-binge drinkers and among heavy and non-heavy drinkers were compared. A complex weighted multivariable logistic regression model, adjusted for socio-economic covariates and weighted using BRFSS sample weights, was used to test the association between the self-reported alcohol use and the odds of PSA screening.

RESULTS: Among 57,774 men eligible for PCa screening, there were 8,276 binge drinkers with an unadjusted PSA screening prevalence of 37% versus 40% in the non-binge drinking group (P = .018). Among 3,836 heavy drinkers, the unadjusted PSA screening prevalence was 34% versus 40% in non-heavy drinkers (P < .001). In the multivariable analysis, only heavy drinking status was significantly associated with a lower odds of PSA screening (OR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.72-0.98, P = .02).

CONCLUSION: Given that alcohol overuse may increase the risk of developing cancer, our finding of lower utilization of PCa screening among heavy drinkers is noteworthy. Efforts to support guideline-concordant cancer screening among heavy drinkers may represent an important strategy to reduce the burden of cancer in these men.