The use of prescription drugs with dependence potential in Germany:A prospective analysis of prescriptions in the public healthcare system between 2006 and 2010,Der Gebrauch von Medikamenten mit Abhängigkeitspotenzial in Deutschland:Eine prospektive Analyse kassenärztlicher Verschreibungen der Jahre 2006 bis 2010

BACKGROUND: In Germany, about 1.4 to 2.6 million people are dependent on prescription drugs, mainly benzodiazepine derivatives and opioid analgesics. Despite this large number of affected people, studies on prescription behaviour and drug intake are scarce. There are particularly few empirical findings available with regard to elderly people age 65 and over who are disproportionally affected by prescription drug abuse.

METHODS: The North German Pharmacy Computing Centre (Norddeutsches Apothekenrechenzentrum, NARZ) collects the prescription data of about 11 million citizens and covers over 80% of drug pharmacies in North Germany. Based on the data from NARZ, we evaluate person-related prescriptions of benzodiazepines, Z‑drugs and opioid analgesics. By means of incremental calculations, we determine the prevalence of prescription drug use, the long-term intake, the average daily dose of these medications and present this information as a five-year trend (2006-2010).

RESULTS: In 2006, 10.6% of the members of public healthcare system were prescribed at least one of the medications under study. This proportion hardly changed within the five-year span. The share of patients with benzodiazepine prescription steadily decreased from 2006 (5.5%) to 2010 (5.1%), especially among elderly people. While the prevalence of Z‑drug prescriptions remained the same at about 1%, there was a slight increase in prescriptions of opioid analgesics with 5.4% in 2006 to 5.7% in 2010. The proportion of patients with long-term prescriptions decreased with regard to benzodiazepines (from 17.0 to 12.8%) and Z‑drugs (from 24.3 to 21.2%), but increased for opioid analgesics (from 19.2 to 21.2%).

CONCLUSION: The analytical method used in this study is an innovative epidemiological approach to evaluate person-related register data over the course of several years. Establishing a monitoring system of prescription drugs with potential for dependence may allow for a quicker identification of trends and initiation of appropriate measures.