Bioreactor processes have to provide an almost optimal environment to microorganisms or cells to promote growth and product formation. The design and operation of a bioreactor as the main element of fermentation is a complex task, not only with respect to a reactor's configuration and size but to the control and mode of operation. In this chapter, some fundamentals are discussed, including process and control strategies and concepts for process development. Next, examples for the use of model-based concepts for the design of experiments, feeding strategies, seed train layout, and control strategies, including simulation tools supporting biotechnological training and education, are shown.
